Eswatini
Country Name |
Eswatini |
---|---|
Official Country Name |
The Kingdom of Eswatini |
Assessment Details |
|
From |
February 2022 |
To |
August 2022 |
Name of Assessor |
Hameed Oyekan |
Title and Position |
Supply Chain Officer |
Contact |
Table of Contents
1 Eswatini Country Profile
Generic Information
Eswatini; Swazi: eSwatini, officially the Kingdom of Eswatini (Swazi: Umbuso weSwatini) and also known as Swaziland (officially renamed in 2018), is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. It is bordered by Mozambique to its northeast and South Africa to its north, west, and south. At no more than 200 kilometres (120 mi) north to south and 130 kilometres (81 mi) east to west, Eswatini is one of the smallest countries in Africa; despite this, its climate and topography are diverse, ranging from a cool and mountainous highveld to a hot and dry lowveld.
The population is primarily ethnic Swazis. The language is Swazi (siSwati in native form). The Swazis established their kingdom in the mid-18th century under the leadership of Ngwane III. The country and the Swazi take their names from Mswati II, the 19th-century king under whose rule Swazi territory was expanded and unified; the present boundaries were drawn up in 1881. After the Second Boer War, Swaziland was a British protectorate from 1903 until it regained its independence on 6 September 1968. In April 2018, the official name was changed from Kingdom of Swaziland to Kingdom of Eswatini, mirroring the name commonly used in Swazi.
It has a population of about 1.3 million people out of which more than 76 percent live in rural areas. About 51 percent are females and 49 percent are males. Although Eswatini is classified as a lower middle-income country, it has a low human development index (HDI) of 0.611, with a rank of 138 out of 188 countries[1]
Geography
Capital: Mbabane (administrative capital); Lombamba (royal and legislative capital)
Area: 17, 360 km²
Borders with: The Republic of South Africa and Mozambique
People
Population: 1.136 million (2018)
Population growth rate: 1.0% annual change (2018)
Ethnic Groups: Swati 84.3%, Zulu 9.9%, Tsonga 2.5%, Indian 0.8%, Pakistani 0.8%, Portuguese 0.5%
Language: Siswati and English
Religion: Zionist (a blend of Christianity and Indigenous ancestral worship), Roman Catholic, Islam, Other Christian (includes Anglican, Methodist, Latter-Day Saint, Jehovah's Witness) and Other non-Christian (includes Bahá'í, Buddhist, Hindu, indigenous religionist, Judaism)
Economy
Currency: Lilangeni
GDP Growth: 2.4% annual change (2018)
GDP per capita (PPP): 4,145.97 USD (2018)
Inflation (Consumer Prices): 4.83% (2018)
Unemployment: 22.85% (2019)
Export: soft drink concentrates, sugar, wood pulp, cotton yarn, refrigerators, citrus and canned fruit
Government
Head of State: HM King Mswati III
Prime Minister: Cleopas Dlamini
Government Type: Absolute monarchy
Legislature: Bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (30 seats) and the House of Assembly (73 seats)
The government is an absolute diarchy, ruled jointly by Ngwenyama ("King") Mswati III and Ndlovukati ("Queen Mother") Ntfombi Tfwala since 1986. The former is the administrative head of state and appoints the country's prime ministers and a number of representatives of both chambers (the Senate and House of Assembly) in the country's parliament, while the latter is the national head of state, serving as keeper of the ritual fetishes of the nation and presiding during the annual Umhlanga rite. Elections are held every five years to determine the House of Assembly and the Senate majority. The current constitution was adopted in 2005. Umhlanga, held in August/September, and incwala, the kingship dance held in December/January, are the nation's most important events.
Eswatini is a developing country with a small economy. With a GDP per capita of $11,089, it is classified as a country with a lower-middle income. As a member of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), its main local trading partner is South Africa; in order to ensure economic stability, Eswatini's currency, the lilangeni, is pegged to the South African rand. Eswatini's major overseas trading partners are the United States and the European Union. The majority of the country's employment is provided by its agricultural and manufacturing sectors. Eswatini is a member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union, the Commonwealth of Nations, and the United Nations.
The Swazi population faces major health issues: HIV/AIDS and, to a lesser extent, tuberculosis are widespread. It is estimated that 26% of the adult population is HIV-positive. As of 2018, Eswatini has the 12th lowest life expectancy in the world, at 58 years. The population of Eswatini is young, with a median age of 20.5 years and people aged 14 years or younger constituting 37.5% of the country's total population. The present population growth rate is 1.2%.
As with other countries in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region, the 2016 El Niño phenomenon provided impetus for Eswatini, to adopt the IPC to classify food insecurity. The country conducted its first IPC Acute Food Insecurity analysis in 2013. Since then, the country has been conducting one IPC Acute Food Insecurity training and analysis per year. Following the IPC Chronic Food Insecurity training conducted in 2017, the country planned and conducted its first IPC Chronic Food Insecurity analysis in 2018.
The IPC is used to inform and report on food insecurity in the country. IPC activities are integrated in the Eswatini Vulnerability Committee chaired by the Government and comprising of UN Agencies (FAO, WFP and UNICEF) and NGOs (Oxfam, Care and Save the Children).
Between December 2021 and March 2022, around 336,000 people (29% of the population in Eswatini) are estimated to be facing high acute food insecurity (IPC Phase 3 Crisis or above) and require urgent humanitarian assistance. Of this population, 286,000 people are classified in IPC Phase 3 (Crisis) and 50,000 in IPC Phase 4 (Emergency). An additional 376,000 are classified in IPC Phase 2 (Stressed) and require livelihood support. Compared to the October 2021 - March 2022 projection period from the August 2021 analysis, this update shows a slight deterioration, with a slight increase in the food insecure population in IPC Phase 3 or above in all livelihood zones except for Highveld Cattle and Maize, Timber Highlands and Moist Middleveld, with the latter two having 47% of their households having food stocks lasting more than six months. This update has seen the population projected to be in IPC Phase 3 or above increase by 19,000 people.
Eswatini Wikipedia Country Information Eswatini - Wikipedia
Eswatini IMF Country Information Kingdom of Eswatini and the IMF
Eswatini Economist Intelligence Unit Information* The Economist Intelligence Unit (eiu.com)
(*note - this is a paid service)
Humanitarian Info
Eswatini World Food Programme Information Eswatini | World Food Programme (wfp.org)
Eswatini UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Information Eswatini (Swaziland) | OCHA (unocha.org)
Facts and Figures
Eswatini Wolfram Alpha Information Eswatini - Wolfram|Alpha (wolframalpha.com)
Eswatini World Bank Information Eswatini: Development news, research, data | World Bank
Eswatini Population Information Eswatini Population 2022 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs) (worldpopulationreview.com)
Eswatini - The World Factbook (cia.gov)
[1] UNDP 2020 Human Development Report
1.1 Eswatini Humanitarian Background
Disasters, Conflicts and Migration
Natural Hazards |
||
---|---|---|
Type |
Occurs |
Comments / Details |
Drought |
Yes |
The country is recovering from L3 drought suffered in late 2015 to mid-year 2017. Drought is an inherent feature of the current semi-arid climate. Rainfall levels have consistently reduced over the last years (since the 2011/12 season). The El Niño phenomenon has exacerbated the drought as well as irregular rainfall and prolonged dry spells during the 2017-2018 October-to-March rainfall season. |
Earthquakes |
No |
|
Epidemics |
No |
|
Extreme Temperatures |
Yes |
The country occasionally suffers from heat-wave that hits the country from lower middle-veld to the low-veld resulting in instant drying up (wilting) of crops. |
Flooding |
No |
|
Insect Infestation |
Yes |
Outbreak of Fall Armyworm—an invasive agricultural pest that affects maize and other crops impeded food production in the 2017/2018 crop season. |
Mudslides |
No |
|
Volcanic Eruptions |
No |
|
High Waves / Surges |
No |
|
Wildfires |
Yes |
Although not severe on major crops in the growing season, the fires usually have a huge impact on livestock as they normally destroy vegetation. |
High Winds |
No |
|
Other Comments |
The country sometimes receives rains late in the year. Due to people having been affected by draught and poor rains in previous years, they get discouraged by the delays in anticipation of a looming draught. With most farmers practicing livestock and crop farming, the late rains normally benefit livestock than it does to human in terms of increasing food availability and accessibility. |
|
Man-Made Issues |
||
Civil Strife |
No |
|
International Conflict |
No |
|
Internally Displaced Persons |
No |
|
Refugees Present |
No |
|
Landmines / UXO Present |
No |
|
Other Comments |
Refugee influx only happened when there are civil wars in neighbouring countries (South Africa and Mozambique) but in the recent unsettlement in Zimbabwe, the country received a large number of Zimbabweans seeking refuge |
For a more detailed database on disasters by country, please see the Centre for Research on Epidemiology of Disasters Country Profile.
Seasonal Effects on Logistics Capacities
Seasonal Effects on Transport |
||
---|---|---|
Transport Type |
Time Frame |
Comments / Details |
Primary Road Transport |
January to January |
All Eswatini’s Primary roads are paved. However, due to on-going and continuous infrastructure developments, roads are being up-graded therefore causing traffic jams during day time. |
Secondary Road Transport |
October to March |
During the rainy season the secondary roads are most often inaccessible due to road slippery. |
Rail Transport |
Rail transport is not affected by seasonal changes. |
Eswatini has a one crop season which is in the summer months usually from August to April but due to the climatic change, the season trend has shortened and usually begins from October to March. During the crop season, depending on previous cropping year harvest most households face the leanest period in terms of food availability. Usually during this period food prices hike a bit considering the availability is only dependant on surpluses. Also, in terms of Logistics services roads are mostly damaged during this period due to rains.
The August to April period is one with most “Christian” holidays. These holidays normally have a huge impact on availability of contracted services including transport and other Logistics related services as most companies close for about 20 days between December and January. Also, the Easter holidays does lead to slow Logistics services as service providers observe these holidays same as they observe the December/January holidays. To add to the Christian holidays, there is usually some cultural activities (Incwala, Umhlanga and Buganu) which also affect the availability of transport for other Logistics Services.
Potential seasonal effects on miscellaneous commodity handling
Most grain crops are produced seasonally in the country mainly because they are mostly rain fed. Their availability throughout the year requires proper handling and storage to avoid spoilages and losses. Very few companies perform the drying and storage of maize grain. The handling and storage is mostly performed by individual farmers before grain is consumed by family members or some sold to the milling companies. The milling companies may perfume some minor but crucial grain handling and storage before processing and repackaging.
The production of grain crops in the country has not bean able to satisfy the country’s population demand. Maize for instance is produced in the maize belt area (Highveld, upper Middleveld and the Lubombo plateau) and there is considerable low production in the Middleveld and the Lowveld due to poor rainfall. This is followed by low productivity in terms of yield as a result of several factors such as pest infestation, poor agronomic practices and climate variation/extreme weather conditions.
Seasonal Effects on Storage and Handling |
||
---|---|---|
Activity Type |
Time Frame |
Comments / Details |
Storage |
From (month) to (month or months to year/s)) |
Poor resources from farmers such as proper storage facilities lead to improper storage of grain, thus a large percentage of grain is lost during storage. These losses can be physically or the quality of grain can be compromised making it unfit for both human and livestock consumption. Climate variation within the country makes the farmers to experience different kinds of loses from region to region and the Highveld being the one that experience huge loses and the Lowveld being the least in terms of grain loses. |
Handling |
From month to month |
Grain handling differs from farmer to farmer depending on resources available. Transportation from field is usually done by ox-drawn or tractor drawn carts. More grain is lost as results of stomping on the maize cobs. Accumulation of moulds, pests, rodents, birds and livestock are the major stored grain enemies during the drying periods if the drying structures (i.e. maize cribs) are not properly constructed |
Processing and repackaging |
From day to day |
Considerable loses are encountered during milling of grain. Poor sieving methods/equipment and milling grains at lower moisture contents results in the physical loss of grain (low milling weght). |
Capacity and Contacts for In-Country Emergency Response
The National Disaster Management Act (DMA) was enacted in 2006 followed by a Disaster management policy in 2010. The act and the policy are key documents in DRR governance in the country. The Disaster Management Act 2006 gives NDMA its mandate and empowers the Deputy Prime Minister to be in charge of DRR whereas the Prime Minister (PM) is responsible for declaring a state of emergency during disasters. The Public Enterprise Unit (PEU) Control and Monitoring Act 1989 was used to establish NDMA as a parastatal.
The National Action Plan (NAP) for DRR (2008-2015) provides a framework for coordination of prevention and managing disasters. The plan is complemented by the National Multi-Hazard Contingency Plan (MHCP 2012–2015), which is renewed annually and offers a roadmap for the implementation of the Action Plan. In addition, the DMA provides that Disaster Risk Management should be implemented within a sector wide approach coordinated by NDMA constituting of 9 clusters listed as follows: Agriculture and Food Security, Health and Nutrition, Education, Water Sanitation & Hygiene, Transport & Logistics, Protection, Emergency ICT, Environment, and Camp Coordination Emergency Shelter & None Food Items.
The National Multi Hazard Contingency Plan (MHCP) was developed through an inclusive and participatory process involving all sectors from Government, the United Nations Agencies, Non- Governmental Organizations and Private Sector representatives. The MHCP act as a guiding document whenever the country is faced with a threat of a particular hazard in order to deal with the impacts accordingly.
For more information on government contact details, please see the following link: 4.1 Government Contact List.
Clusters |
Lead and Co-Lead Organization |
Partner Organizations |
Overall Objective |
---|---|---|---|
Agriculture and Food Security |
Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Food Programme (WFP) |
Swazi MET, World Vision International, ADRA, National Maize Corporation (NMC), NAMBOARD, Swaziland Dairy Board (SDB), CSO, Africa Cooperative Action trust (ACAT), Baphalali Red Cross Swaziland (BRCS), Save the Children (SCF) and CARITAS |
Improve access to food and address the food insecurity through the provision of assistance delivery and support feeding programmes, saving lives and protecting livelihoods in emergencies. |
Health and Nutrition |
Ministry of Health and World Health Organization (WHO) |
Baphalali Red Cross Swaziland (BRCS), World Vision International, FLAS, NERCHA, USAIDs’ project PEPFAR, Ministry of Agriculture, Nutrition council, FAO, UNICEF, and WFP. |
Strengthen national capacity to prepare for and respond to epidemics, outbreaks, malnutrition providing integrated health services, surveillance, and medical supplies for the affected population in a timely and coordinated manner. |
Education |
Ministry of Education and Training (MoET), UNICEF, Save the Children |
Ministry of Health (School health, Environmental Health), Ministry of Natural Resources and Energy (Rural Water, Department of Water Affairs), Ministry of Agriculture (Nutrition Council), Deputy Prime Minister’s Office (Social Welfare, National Children’s Coordination Unit), National Disaster Management Agency (NDMA), Adventist Relief Agency (ADRA), World Vision International (WVI), Baphalali Red Cross Swaziland (BRCS). |
To ensure continuity of teaching and learning sessions at all levels of education and retaining sufficient capacity, securing adequate resources for the functioning institutions during emergencies. |
Water Sanitation & Hygiene |
Department of Water Affairs (WASH Forum), Ministry of Natural Resources and Energy and UNICEF. |
Ministry of Agriculture, Royal Swaziland Sugar Corporation (RSSC), Ministry of Commerce and Trade, Ministry of Environment and Tourism, Swaziland Water Services Corporation (SWSC), UN agencies (UNICEF, UNFPA, WFP, UNAIDS), NGOs, CBOs and private sector partners. |
To ensure access to adequate safe water for the affected communities and institutions and ensure favourable conditions prevail maintaining hygiene conditions and practices at the household and facilities level. |
Transport & Logistics |
Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MoPWT), World Food Programme (WFP) and Baphalali Red Cross Swaziland (BRCS). |
National Disaster Management Agency (NDMA), Umbutfo Swaziland Defence Force (USDF), Royal Swaziland Police Services (RSPS), Swaziland Fire and Emergency Services, Central Transport Authority (CTA). |
To ensure that response interventions in all phases of an emergency (before, during and after) reach the intended beneficiaries within the shortest time possible and in good condition, reducing further threats to life and property which may be caused by response delays. |
Social Protection |
Department of Social Welfare (DSW), Deputy Prime Minister’s Office and UNFPA |
National Surveillance System, Baphalali Red Cross Swaziland, Save the Children Swaziland, World Vision International, HIV/AIDS and TB Project Component 3, NDMA, Ministry of Health (MoH), SWAGAA, SWANNEPHA, NERCHA, Ministry of Labour, Family Life Association (FLAS), Ministry of Education and Training (MoET), the UN agencies (WFP, UNICEF, UNAIDS, UNFPA, UNDP), Royal Swaziland Police Services (RSPS), Umbutfo Swaziland Defence Force (USDF), and DGFI. |
To provide protection, resilience, strengthening national, regional and community based systems that prevent and mitigate all forms of violence, enabling survivors and persons at risk to access specialized care and support. |
Emergency ICT |
Ministry of Information and Communication Technology (MoICT) and World Food Programme (WFP).
|
Swaziland Communications Commission, Swaziland Post and Telecommunication, Mobile Companies (MTN and Swazi Mobile), NDMA, Royal Swaziland Police Services (RSPS), and Umbutfo Swaziland Defence Force (USDF). |
To provide uninterrupted countrywide telecommunication, network connectivity and broadcast services supporting the disaster response activities. |
Environment |
Swaziland Environment Authority (SEA), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)/United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). |
Swaziland Environment Authority, UNDP, Swaziland National Trust Commission (SNTC), Swaziland Meteorological Services (MET), Conserve Swaziland (NGO). |
To conserve and protect the environment, balance the eco-system minimizing the impact of hazards and ensure minimal interruptions of energy generation and supplies. |
Camp Coordination Emergency Shelter & None Food Items |
Ministry of Home Affairs, Deputy Prime Minister’s Office and Department of Social Welfare, WFP and Baphalali Red Cross Swaziland. |
Ministry of Housing and Urban Development (MoHUD), MoTAD, Ministry of Home Affairs (MoHA), Umbutfo Swaziland Defence Force (USDF), Royal Swaziland Police Services (RSPS), UNICEF, Municipalities and Town Boards, UN agencies, NGOs, CBOs and Private Sector partners |
To ensure the provision of fully managed temporary camps to accommodate displaced or affected people and provide appropriate basic shelter materials and NFI family packages. |
Currently military resources are not used. The country is peaceful and the response mechanism is running smooth there are no cases reported which may need the involvement of military/ civil defence. However, in the past few years the NDMA engaged the Royal Eswatini Police and Umbutfo Defence Force as skilled labours when building houses for storm affected households. The military and/ or civil works can be engaged in recovery and reconstruction of houses when the scale of the disaster is huge. They have all the necessary skills and equipment. Their involvement can minimise turnaround time and labour cost. More houses can be built in a short space of time.
For more information on humanitarian agency contact details, please see the following link: 4.2 Humanitarian Agencies Contact List.
1.2 Eswatini Regulatory Departments and Quality Control
National Marketing and Agricultural Board (NAMBOARD)
The National Marketing and Agricultural Board has three operational functions:
-
Regulatory - This function is enabled by the Import and Export of scheduled agricultural products regulation notice No. 8 (Amendments) effective 1st June 2013. This also covers Quality Assurance where strict quality standards are implemented along with the monitoring of the quality of the farm produce from planting phase to post harvesting phase.
-
Farmers Support and Development - operate a marketing extension service that forms part of farmer support and development through Marketing Extension Officers (MEOs).
-
Encabeni Fresh Produce Market - run a fully-fledged farm input shop
NAMBOARD facilitates the markets for farmers in and outside the country and assists these farmers with production, processing, storage, transportation and, distribution of the produce and sale of the scheduled products.
Eswatini Dairy Board
This is a quasi-government agency that was established in 1971 under the Dairy Act No. 28 of 1968 to regulate and develop the dairy industry. Dairy Board is the agency that has been mandated with the responsibility of implementing and charging import levies on dairy, and the issuance of dairy import and export permits, as per section 25 of the Dairy Board Act. Dairy Board is also the agency mandated with implementing prohibition of import and exports of milk and milk products. The services and regulatory mandate of the Dairy Board include but not limited to;
- Dairy Development and Quality Control
- Artificial Insemination
- Dairy Processing
- Goat Milk Production
- Dairy Cattle Purchasing
- Hay Production
- Indigenous Cattle Dairying
Eswatini Standards Authority (ESWASA)
ESWASA was formed by the Government of Eswatini through the Quality and Standards Act (10) 2003, which gives the body the mandate of promoting standards and quality in local industry, commerce and the public sector and also empowers the Authority to be the sole custodian of all issues regarding standards and quality in Eswatini. The move to establish ESWASA was in-line with regional and international trends brought about by World Trade Organisation (WTO) initiatives aimed at eliminating tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade, and creating a neutral platform that will promote trade of quality goods and services across countries and economic blocks. Besides opening up global opportunities for trade, standardisation also ensures that imported and locally manufactured goods are not harmful to human and animal lives and the environment. The mandate and services of the Authority include holding the Database of Eswatini National Standards and other useful information in product and business development amongst other services which include but not limited to:
- Certification
- Product Testing - Food and product testing in microbiology. Testing performed in accordance to international standards.
- Calibration Services
- Standards Development and Standards Sales
- Training
Eswatini Department of Regulatory and Quality Infrastructure Development (RQID)
The Department of Regulatory and Quality Infrastructure Development (RQID) is tasked with the development of the legal and institutional framework and infrastructure for standardization, Technical Regulations, Quality Assurance, Accreditation and Metrology to achieve its mission.
The Department is composed of three Sections viz: Accreditation Section; Technical Regulatory Section. and Quality Promotion Section.
Main Responsibilities:
- Accreditation - A National Accreditation Focal Point was established in this section to provide a link to accreditation for Eswatini Conformity Assessment bodies (CABs) to the SADC Accreditation Service (SADCAS) weblink - sadcas.org
- Technical Regulatory Section - To prepare and administer a Technical Regulatory Framework that provides a common approach to the preparation, adoption and application of technical regulation by the central and local governments.
- Quality Promotions Section- To establish the Quality Council and promote quality principles in all sectors of the economy to achieve high quality products and enhanced productivity.
The Ministry of Commerce Industry and Trade (MCIT)
This is the Ministry responsible for formulating policies and promulgation through the International Trade Department and is responsible for the implementation of the Trade Policy. The MCIT is also responsible for formulating policies and promulgation of laws and regulations that ensure fair trading a competitive environment in the economy of Eswatini. It is also responsible for developing a Regulatory and Quality Infrastructure to enhance and / or enable Eswatini products to compete favorably in the domestic and global market by demonstrating with set national and international standards and regulatory requirement. Additionally, MCIT is responsible for attracting, encouraging, facilitating and promoting local and foreign investment in Eswatini, while creating an enabling environment through streamlined and focused policies and legal instruments that will complement Government’s effort to growth of Small and Medium enterprises.
The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Trade departments:
- The main role and objectives of the Ministry include the formulation of policies and promulgation of laws and regulations that ensure fair-trading and a competitive environment in the Eswatini economy.
- To develop a Regulatory and Quality Infrastructure to enhance and / or enable Eswatini products to compete favorably in the domestic and global market by demonstrating with set national and international standards and regulatory requirement
- Formulate and implement appropriate industrial development policies, establish service and administer industrial estates.
- To attract, encourage, facilitate and promote local and foreign investment in Eswatini.
- To create an enabling environment through streamlined and focused policies and legal instruments that will compliment Government's effort to stimulate growth of Small and Medium enterprises.
- To create trade opportunities and enhance export competitiveness.
- To promote the economic development of the people of Eswatini through capital formation by encouraging a sustainable management of cooperative enterprises
Departments under the Ministry
- Industry Department
- Investor Roadmap Unit
- Metrology Section
- Department of Regulatory and Quality Infrastructure Development
- Handicraft Promotion Department
- Small and Medium Enterprises unit
- Registration of Patents and Trade Marks
- International Trade Department
- Liquor Licensing
- Registrar of Companies
- Commerce Department
- Department of Cooperative Development
Ministry of Health
The Medicines and Regulatory Unit under the Ministry of Health is responsible for regulating the importation and exportation of pharmaceuticals in the country, as well as the retail of pharmaceuticals in the country. The Medicines and Regulatory Unit is also responsible for granting import permits to importers of pharmaceutical products. The Medicines and Regulatory Unit is responsible for implementing the Pharmaceutical Act of 1929.
The Road Transportation Department
Under the Ministry of Works, the department is responsible for the administration and regulation of the road transport industry through the permit issuance system. The Department is responsible for the enforcement of the Road transportation Act of 2007, which strongly touches on the transportation of goods in and out of the country. The Department regulates the transportation industry through the issuing of permits and is further responsible for the registration of transportation operators, including cross border, transport operators, the identification of non-tariff measures and inspecting transport to see if it up-to the required standard.
Eswatini Communications Commission (ESCCOM)
ESCCOM is the regulatory body responsible for regulating the communications sector in Eswatini, constituting of telecommunication services and networks, broadcasting services, postal services and the use and allocation of radio spectrum. It derives its mandate from the Swaziland Communications Commission Act 2013, the Electronic Communications Act 2009 and the Electronic Communications (Importation, Type Approval and Distribution of Communications Equipment) Regulations. Through the various legal documents ESCCOM is responsible for issuing the Permit for Re- Exportation of Communications Equipment, The Electronic Communications License, as well as the issuing the approval Electronic Communications Equipment Approval Certificate, amongst other things.
Ministry of Natural Resources and Energy (MNRE)
The MNRE has envisioned objective as drivers of its business to propel and foster the aforementioned vision and mission. The following strategic objectives are elucidated for the provision and management of resources for ensuring the optimal land use, mineral exploration, adequate water and energy to meet national aspirations:
- To set goals and strategies to facilitate the coordination and implementation of Government priorities as outlined in the NDS, PRSAP, MDGs and other national priorities within the Ministry’s portfolio.
- To develop, review and operationalise relevant policies ensuring optimal utilization of natural resources.
- To provide general management of land, minerals, water and energy resources.
- To provide surveying, mapping, land and real rights registration and valuation services for Government and other public entities.
- To provide facilities for ensuring access to sustainable energy and security of energy supply.
- To ensure optimal development, management and supply of adequate water resources in a sustainable manner.
- To explore and identify mineral targets with economic potential.
- To ensure extraction and value addition to mineral resources for sustainable development and;
- To develop relative policies, collect and maintain an up to-date database on land and natural resources.
The Eswatini Revenue Service (ERS)
This is a semi-autonomous revenue administration agency, established through the Revenue Authority Act No. 1 of 2008. It operates within the broad framework of Government but outside of the civil service. ERS is responsible for the administration of Customs and Excise in the country, in accordance with the Customs and Excise Act of 1971. The Department is further responsible for revenue collection, which includes Customs revenue. ERA is also responsible for implementing prohibitions, restrictions and regulatory (for example, narcotics, unlicensed medicines, arms and ammunitions, pornography etc.). ERS is also entrusted with the responsibility of identifying and interdicting illegitimate trade (for example counterfeit or substandard goods; trade in endangered species - CITES obligations). As, the border agency, ERS is responsible for the trade facilitation in the country, as well as providing general export and import rules, as well as cross border procedures.
The Eswatini Revenue Service is a member of various international organisations, such as the World Customs Organization (WCO); the Commonwealth Association of Tax Administrators (CATA) and the African Tax Administration Forum (ATAF). Alliances with established revenue agencies such as the South African Revenue Service (SARS), the Lesotho Revenue Authority (LRA) and the Zambia Revenue Authority (ZRA) have also been pursued to this end.
The Eswatini Environmental Authority (EEA)
This is a quasi-Government entity that was formed to ensure that the environment in the Kingdom of Eswatini is treated in a proper way now and in the future. The EEA is responsible for ensuring that the atmosphere, water, soil, living resources, living conditions in human settlements, flora and energy sources amongst other things are not polluted. The EEA is responsible for the implementation of a number of legislations that affect cross border movement of goods including the Environmental Act of 2002, the Waste Regulations of 2000, the Genetically Modified Organisms Act and the Ozon Depleting Substances Regulations of 2003, amongst others. Through various legal instruments, the EEA is also responsible for issuing import and export permits for a number of goods including genetically modified goods, waste and waste products, and toxic substances, amongst others.
For more information on regulatory departments and quality control laboratories’ contact details, please see the following links: 4.1 Government Contact List and 4.3 Laboratory and Quality Testing Company Contact List.
1.3 Eswatini Customs Information
Eswatini is a member of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU), which consists of what is now Eswatini, Lesotho, Botswana, Namibia and South Africa and was established in 1910. Importations between these countries are free of Customs and Excise duty with all importations to the Union being at a Common Customs external tariff. The revenue collected from those duties is pooled and shared under an agreed mechanism. Eswatini is also a member of both SADC and COMESA and goods originating from those countries also enjoy preferential Tariff rates. Full details of preferences and international trade agreements can be found here. Customs in Eswatini is administered by the SRA Customs and Excise Department in accordance with the Customs and Excise Act of 1971. The Department performs key functions for the country's development including:
- To collect the revenues due - Enforcement of controls to protect society
- Prohibitions, restrictions and regulatory (for example, narcotics, unlicensed medicines, arms and ammunitions, pornography etc.)
- To identify and interdict illegitimate trade (for example counterfeit or substandard goods; trade in endangered species - CITES obligations)
- Collection of trade statistics
- Trade facilitation
Goods imported into Eswatini from outside of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) are liable to Customs duty and for some classes of goods also Excise duty. Value Added Tax is also payable on imports both from SACU and elsewhere. Information for businesses importing to, or exporting from, Eswatini can be found here. Travellers entering Eswatini must make a declaration at one of our 14 border posts/points of entry. There also are (rebate) allowances for bona fide personal importations Excise duty is also payable on a small range of domestically produced goods (alcoholic drinks, cigarettes etc.).
Duties and Tax Exemption
For contact information regarding government custom authorities, please follow the link below:
http://www.sra.org.sz/contact/contact-us.php
Emergency Response
Agreements / Conventions Description |
Ratified by Country? |
---|---|
WCO (World Customs Organization) member |
Yes, 15-05-1981 |
Annex J-5 Revised Kyoto Convention |
Yes, 31-10-2012 |
OCHA Model Agreement |
No |
Tampere Convention (on the Provision of Telecommunication Resources for Disaster Mitigation and Relief Operations) |
No |
Regional Agreements (on emergency/disaster response, but also customs unions, regional integration) |
Yes, 3-11-2008 |
sz201210-instrument-of-accession.pdf (wcoomd.org)
sz201210-note-verbal.pdf (wcoomd.org)
Exemption Regular Regime (Non-Emergency Response)
Customs and Excise Act 1971; VAT Act 2011, VAT Regulations 2012 and Schedule 4 to the Tariff, Rebate Items 406. The value added Tax ACT, 2011 (Act No. 12 of 2011) and The value added Tax regulations, 2012 (under section 84). Donor funded Aid Projects are exempt from Value Added Tax. Subsections (4), (5), (6), (7) and (8) shall apply to the donor agency and the contractor who is awarded donor funded projects.
What organizations are allowed to be operational in the country - Refer to the Ministry of Commerce Trade and Industry and SIPA which is a compilation of the types of goods which experience duty & tax exemption and those that do not.
Type of goods |
Exempt |
Not exempt |
---|---|---|
Refer to Regulation 23 of the VAT Act. |
All goods that are listed in Regulations 23 of the VAT Act. |
All goods that are not listed in Regulation 23 of the VAT Act. |
Organizational Requirements to obtain Duty Free Status |
---|
United Nations Agencies |
Submit an application to the Commissioner general through Certificate A with supporting documents such as bill of Lading, Invoice, etc. |
Non Governmental Organizations |
|
Exemption Certificate Application Procedure
Duties and Taxes Exemption Application Procedure |
Generalities (include a list of necessary documentation) |
|
Process to be followed (step by step or flowchart) |
---|
|
Exemption Certificate Document Requirements
- Rebate certificate from the International Trade Department of the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Trade (ITD-MCIT)
- Letter of Donation from the Donor/if it is donor funded:-
- Tax Invoice referring to a specified aid funded contract (Contract name, contract number, project number, project under which the contract is financed)
- Original Invoice/gift certificate.
Duties and Taxes Exemption Certificate Document Requirements (by commodity) |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Food |
NFI (Shelter, WASH, Education) |
Medicines |
Vehicle & Spare Parts |
Staff & Office Supplies |
Telecoms Equipment |
Invoice |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, applies to NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, applies to NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, applies to NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, applies to NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, applies to NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, applies to NGOs |
AWB/BL/Other Transport Documents |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, applies to NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, applies to NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, applies to NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, applies to NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, applies to NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, applies to NGOs |
Donation/Non-Commercial Certificates |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, applies to NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, applies to NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, applies to NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, applies to NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, applies to NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, applies to NGOs |
Packing Lists |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, applies to NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, applies to NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, applies to NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, applies to NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, applies to NGOs |
Yes, Original, 1 copy, applies to NGOs |
Other Documents |
Invoices/gift certificate/origin certificate |
Invoices/gift certificate/origin certificate |
Invoices/gift certificate/origin certificate |
Invoices/gift certificate/origin certificate |
Invoices/gift certificate/origin certificate |
Invoices/gift certificate/origin certificate |
Additional Notes |
||||||
N/A |
Customs Clearance Document Requirements
- Rebate certificate from the International Trade Department of the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Trade (ITD-MCIT)
- Letter of Donation from the Donor/if it is donor funded:-
- Tax Invoice referring to a specified aid funded contract (Contract name, contract number, project number, project under which the contract is financed)
- Original Invoice/gift certificate
Customs Information |
|
---|---|
Document Requirements |
Submit declaration through your nominated Clearing Agent
|
Embargoes |
Goods are placed under embargo if the required authorization is still pending or an offence was detected. |
Prohibited Items |
Restrictions and Prohibited Items |
General Restrictions |
Customs Clearance Document Requirements (by commodity) |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Food |
NFI (Shelter, WASH, Education) |
Medicines |
Vehicles & Spare Parts |
Staff & Office Supplies |
Telecoms Equipment |
D&T Exemption Certificate |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Invoice |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
AWB/BL/Other Transport Documents |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Donation/Non-Commercial Certificates |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Packing Lists |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Phytosanitary Certificate |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Other Documents |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Additional Notes |
||||||
For Phytosanitary, it depends on the goods being brought into the country. |
Transit Regime
A guarantee is required for the goods which is refundable upon exportation/exit from the country. Prepare a through transit declaration through your preferred Clearing Agent.
2 Eswatini Logistics Infrastructure
Overview
The overall national logistical infrastructure includes roads, rail, airways, telecommunications and energy systems. Roads account for approximately 4594km of which 1500km are paved and 3000km unpaved but is government-maintained gravel roads gazetted by the Eswatini government. Rail accounts for 300km of coverage locally connected to Mozambique (Maputo Port) and South Africa (Durban Port). Since Eswatini is landlocked the closest shipping port is Maputo habour in Mozambique. While the Richards Bay Port and the Port of Durban also service the country from South Africa via Rail and Road access.
Eswatini Railway has a dry port located centrally in Matsapha as well as smaller deports strategically positioned country wide aiding in connecting the railway line to the country’s main roads.
There are two major airports in the country i.e. King Mswati III (KM III) International airport in Sikhuphe which is newly built and commenced operations in 2014 and the privately used Matsapha International Airport.
The Government of Eswatini invests heavily in logistics infrastructure in the line with Government’s Programme of Action (2013 - 2018) to meet His Majesty’s Vision 2022. Private investment includes partnering with African Development Bank (AFDB) and The World Bank to boost private sector growth. The Government of Eswatini with the assistance of the African Development Bank (AfDB) in 2013 commissioned a Transport Master Plan called the Swaziland Transport Master Plan (STMP) to guide policy‐making, investment, regulation and institutional strengthening in the transport sector over the next 20 years. The Master Plan covers the road, rail and air sub‐sectors both within Eswatini and major transport links with and into neighbouring countries and the Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MOPWT) was appointed as the Executing Agency for preparation of the master plan. The master plan was developed through a series of steps including: assessment of existing infrastructure, services and transport performance; forecasts of demand based on population growth and socio‐economic development in Eswatini and the region; analysis of future requirements for infrastructure and services; development of strategies, technical and economic appraisal and prioritisation of options to include;
- Investment programmes in road, rail and airport infrastructure to meet the needs of the entire population, reduce user costs and improve overall performance
- Maintenance and rehabilitation programmes needed to preserve road, rail and airport infrastructure assets
- Institutional strengthening initiatives needed for effective transport sector management; and
- Revisions in policies, legislation and regulations needed for improved transport sector performance and for complying with regional transport protocols.
Objective and Scope
The objective was to prepare a transport master plan covering the next 20 years to 2032 which will include a programme of investments and a time‐bound action plan. The principal activities included in the preparation work included:
- Review of national transport policy at the sector and sub‐sector levels, progress made in implementation, and its relevance to current and future needs. The review included an assessment of the policy in a regional context taking account of Eswatini’s memberships in SACU, SADC and COMESA;
- Review of organisational and institutional arrangements and division of functions
- Assessment of transport sector performance over the past 5‐10 years
- Traffic studies and forecasts of traffic growth over the next 20 years under different scenarios
- Review of current project selection and prioritisation procedures
- Review of existing information systems, data and feasibility reports in the transport sector
- Incorporation of environmental principles and best practice in all planning aspects of the Master plan right from the planning stage of projects
- Preparation of a phased investment programme in each sub‐sector including actions to improve transport integration
- Recommendation for an organisational and institutional development plan
- Recommendation for a transport policy implementation plan
- Preparation of a transport master plan for a 20‐year time horizon; and
- Training of a core team on appraisal of transport projects using HDM‐4 and similar computer tools
Eswatini like any other country; has issues with a positive as well as a negative impact on its infrastructure, at national level. Positive impacts include; roads which provide connectivity and socio-economic growth. Vehicle operating costs, travel time and distance travelled are optimized as a result. Negative impacts include; increased traffic volumes due to influx of grey imports resulting in increased accident rate, road maintenance and environmental deterioration. Road maintenance costs have also increased. Limited funding responses from Government have resulted in inadequate network coverage and poor road conditions.
Eswatini has national projects that are underway or planned.
- Upgrading of Piggs Peak – Bulembu Road and Piggs Peak – Bulandzeni Road (57km in total). Commencement to be confirmed.
- Rehabilitation and ugrading of Motshane – Matsamo road (88km), Feasibility completed and construction commencement to be confirmed.
- Upgrading of MR14 i.e. Maloma – Nsoko road (30km), Commencement still to be confirmed.
- Upgrading MR21 i.e. Maloma – Nsalitshe (38km), commencement to be confirmed.
- Upgrading MR13 Nhlangano – Sicunusa (42km) ongoing completion expected April 2023.
For reference, please see the attached link: Swaziland Transport Master Plan (2013)
2.1 Eswatini Port Assessment
The kingdom of Eswatini is a landlocked country relying for port services on the Port of Durban in RSA and Port of Maputo in Mozambique which are key gate ways into the country through developed connecting road and rail infrastructure.
2.1.1 South Africa Port of Durban
2.1.2 Mozambique Port of Maputo
2.2 Eswatini Aviation
Key airport information may also be found at: http://worldaerodata.com/
The volume of passengers passing through the airport has over the years been around 60,000 per annum and commercial cargo at about 200 tons per year. There is only one air service provider, South African Airlink, which provides the only air connections between Eswatini and South Africa (Johannesburg). The target market has over the years been the corporate sector, charging high fares.
In terms of infrastructure, the King Mswati III International Airport (KM III IA), is the largest airport in the Kingdom with runway length of 3580 m. This airport can accommodate large and wide body aircraft such as the Boeing 777. The airport has enough cargo facility and has cargo and ground handling agents. All commercial air traffic was transferred to this airport in 2014 when it was officially launched moving from the Matsapha airport. The Matsapha airport which is the second airport in the country is located at Matsapha and is mostly used for charter flights and private operations. It is a smaller airport than the KMIII IA with a runway length of 2,600 m. This is another airport which have access capacity for more charter flights, private operate and for use as a training academy. The airport is strategically located close to the Matsapha industrial area and can be used for exports and imports.
The sector has also low general aviation activities. These include aerial works, crop spraying, pilot training, etc. There are quite few local aviators who have invested in this sector. The country also has no aviation maintenance organizations or aviation training organizations registered in Eswatini.
For aviation safety, security, economic and environment, the Eswatini Civil Aviation Authority has the overall oversight. It has a three solid Directorates responsible for the regulatory faction with qualified and experienced staff. The oversight function is undertaken through professionally developed guidance material such as the aviation regulations, call circulators and orders issued by the Director General (CEO of ESWACAA) on the regular bases. In other words, there is a solid professional team of regulators which conduct oversight function on the sector to guarantee safe and secure operations and to ensure efficient and effectiveness of the sector.
The Eswatini Civil Aviation Authority (ESWACAA) as per the Civil Aviation Act No. 10 of 2009 is the ultimate authority mandated to regulate the sector and operate the two airports, including the airstrip at Nhlangano in the Shiselweni region of the country. There is only one operator for scheduled operation, South African Airlink, on the KM III IA – JNB route. In addition, there is also Royal Swazi National Airways Corporation which is the national airline responsible to operate the State aircraft and manages a ticket office that sells airline tickets. In addition, they provide ground handling operations to other operators. In the near future, they intend to engage themselves in schedule operation.
Eswatini has Aviation Associates which has been the only ground handler in the Kingdom for many years. There are listed in the Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP) as the ground handler in Eswatini. Through the years, they have established themselves as one of the reputable companies that can handle all type and sizes of aircraft and any nature of operation be it private business and or state/diplomatic business.
The overall national capacity can be summarized broadly as follows:
- Regulatory function: satisfactory since we have all the key Regulatory directorates, personnel, appropriate guidance material, robust procedures, equipment and budget to oversight the sector in compliance with the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Standards and Recommended Practice (SARPS).
- Airport Operation: airports have qualified management which is able to manage and operate the airports in compliance to ICAO. As indicated above, the airports are operating below capacity and there is room to operate the airport to full capacity. This means that there is access capacity which can be explored immediately with the available facilities.
- Ground handling services: the airports have ground handling equipment and agents that can service any aircraft on the ground. The ground handling agents have the requisite experience and expertise to conduct this function judging by the number and complexity of the operations they are handling.
- Scheduled operation: There is room for more operators to invest in scheduled and charter operation since only two operators, Airlink and Royal Swazi, provide these. So, more investments are encouraged in this regard.
- Land around KM III IA. Since at the new airport, KM III IA, there are no hangars, hotels, offices, etc, prospective investors are encouraged to consider investing around the airport area and this again presents an investment opportunity.
- Matsapha airport and its surrounding land. Matsapha airport has been earmarked as an Aviation Training Academy. In addition, the airport can be used for private charter operation. This again present investment opportunities. The land around the airport can be utilized to establish a retail and housing estate and this present investment opportunities.
- National Civil Aviation Policy. Eswatini has a civil aviation policy which encourages cooperation with the private sector towards its sustained development and growth.
- Human Resource matters. Eswatini through its scholarship programme continues to train aviation personnel. Any new investments in the sector will allow the absorption of these graduates into the sector by generating the much-needed employment and through the multiplier effect will result in sustained economic growth and development.
Some of the significant constraints are as follows:
- Serviceability of 4 fire trucks – the trucks are approaching their economic life and will need to be replaced. Funding is currently being sought from government and international partners.
- Construction of the parallel Taxi way at KM III IA – This is not an immediate problem based on the current traffic volume. However, in the event traffic improves significantly, there will be needing to construct the parallel taxi way in the future.
- Lack hydrant fueling line at KM III IA – In the absence of the hydrant fueling line, refueling at KM III IA is through bowsers.
- This can delay operation if the aircraft is huge or if more aircraft need to refuel. Investments in this line is determined by the number, type and size of aircraft to be serviced.
- Lack of office space and staff accommodation at KM III IA – There are serious efforts to engage government to provide budget for the construction of the office park and staff housing at KM III IA.
Despite all these constraints, the airport is fully operational and Jet A1 fuel is provided.
AIRLINES OPERATING
The Eswatini government - through the Ministry of Public Works and Transport - holds a 60% controlling share in Eswatini Airlink (Manzini Matsapha), a joint venture company with Airlink (South Africa) (4Z, Johannesburg O.R. Tambo), which operates the flights on Eswatini Airlink's behalf. The airline currently has a 100% market share at Manzini Matsapha in terms of weekly seat capacity. It took over as Swaziland Airlink (SZL, Manzini King Mswati III Int'l) from Royal Swazi National Airways in 1999 and became Eswatini Airlink when the Kingdom changed its name in 2018.
Eswatini Air - the new regional airline brand of state-owned Royal Eswatini National Airways (RENAC) – plans to debut by the end of 2022 on Southern African regional routes using two EMB-145EPs. The airline was hoping to obtain its Air Operator's Certificate (AOC) from the Eswatini Civil Aviation Authority (EESWACAA) by the end of this March 2022.
As reported previously, RENAC last year purchased two 50-seater E145s previously operated by HOP! (France) (A5, Paris Orly). 3DC-EAA (msn 145043) were delivered to the Kingdom recently; and F-WTAF (msn 145152) currently in Johannesburg O.R. Tambo, South Africa for small refurbishments, whereafter it will reposition to Eswatini by April 2022.
Eswatini Air will operate as a regional airline, connecting from Manzini King Mswati III Int'l to four regional destinations initially: Johannesburg, Durban King Shaka, and Cape Town in South Africa; and Harare Int'l in Zimbabwe with exact frequencies yet been finalised.
The airline has no intercontinental aspirations but plan to gradually open more destinations in a three-to-four hour radius in the sub-Saharan region. It will seek to connect to major regional hubs, such as Nairobi Jomo Kenyatta and Kigali, and establish codeshares and interline partnerships with international airlines serving them. As the airline grows, it will extend its range and up-gauge but will aim to operate a simplified fleet for cost efficiency.
Landing Application Form for the Kingdom of Eswatini (002).pdf
AC-AWS004- Application for Special Flight Permit.pdf
For more information on government agency and airport company contact information, please see the following links: 4.1 Government Contact List.
Procedures for Foreign Registered Aircraft
The steps for the registration of foreign aircraft are as follows:
Step |
Item |
Guidance Document/CAA Action |
Location |
---|---|---|---|
1. |
Application |
|
ESWACAA website www.eswacaa.co.sz |
2. |
Document Evaluation |
Document evaluation and assessment |
ESWACAA Offices |
3. |
Acceptance Inspection |
Aircraft Acceptance Inspection Form (completed by CAA during an onsite inspection) |
ESWACAA Offices and location of aircraft where ordinarily kept and maintained |
4. |
Registration of Aircraft |
Document and physical inspection of aircraft |
ESWACAA Offices |
After aircraft registration aircraft will immediately be inspected for issuance of C of A.
Step |
Guidance Document/CAA Action |
Location |
---|---|---|
1. |
|
|
2. |
Document evaluation and assessment |
ESWACAA Offices and physical inspection at AMO Maintenance Base |
3. |
|
|
4. |
Document evaluation and assessment |
ESWACAA Offices |
After aircraft registration aircraft will immediately be inspected for issuance of C of A.
Step |
Item |
Guidance Document/CAA Action |
Location |
---|---|---|---|
1. |
AMO Inspection (the AMO ordinarily maintaining the aircraft and must lodge an application at ESWACAA for Approval) |
|
|
2. |
Document Evaluation |
Document evaluation and assessment |
ESWACAA Offices and physical inspection at AMO Maintenance Base |
3. |
Application for C of A |
|
Eswatini Civil Aviation Authority – To the sky above let us fly! (eswacaa.co.sz) www.eswacaa.co.sz |
4. |
Document Evaluation |
Document evaluation and assessment |
ESWACAA Offices |
Documents for the above are available on the ESWACAA website and additional documents are obtained from ESWACAA Offices.
For more information on procedures for foreign registered aircraft, please see the following attachments:
- ACOPS004 Foreign Operator Permit Application
- ESWACAA Foreign Operator Requirements
- Civil Aviation Authority Act, 2009
- Foreign Operator Permit Requirements
2.2.1 Eswatini King Mswati III International Airport
Airport Overview
King Mswati III International Airport is the largest airport in the country and serves as the base of Swaziland Air Link. The airport is operated by the Eswatini Civil Aviation Authority on behalf of the government of the Kingdom of Eswatini. The terminal was officially opened to the public in 2014, but aircraft operations had already started in 2013. The passenger terminal is a relatively big facility with a capacity to handle 300 passengers at any given time. The airport is well suited for operations of heavy aircraft, with its 3580m runway length, very high pavement classification number and elevation and reference temperature of 1092 feet and 30 degrees Celsius respectively. It is certified for operations of a Boeing 777. The airport has enough space to handle cargo, has more than five cargo handling agents and two cargo and passenger aircraft handling agents.
The airport has no network of taxiways supporting the full length of the runway. The available taxiways connect the runway to the apron. Aircraft backtrack on the runway and turning pads are provided at the beginning of each runway to facilitate ease maneuvering before take-off. The airport operates during the day from 6am to 6pm daily, but is available for night operations if required. It is equipped with the necessary runway lighting to facilitate operations at night. Generally, the airport has most of the handling equipment necessary to take care of operations and hires from neighboring South Africa in instances where there is need for specialized equipment. There are no catering services available at the airport, but a catering structure is available. However, there is a network of hotels surrounding the airport where catering can be sourced.
Airport Location and Contact |
|
---|---|
Country |
Kingdom of Eswatini |
Province or District |
Lubombo |
Nearest Town or City with Distance from Airport |
Siteki and 50 km from Manzini City |
Airport’s Complete Name |
King Mswati III (Sikhuphe) International Airport |
Latitude |
-26.348818 |
Longitude |
31.722458 |
Elevation (ft and m) |
1092ft / 332.84m |
IATA Code |
SHO |
ICAO Code |
FDSK |
Managing Company or Airport Authority |
Eswatini Civil Aviation Authority |
Management Contact Person |
Mr. Bongani E.M Lukhele Director, Eswatini Civil Aviation Authority +268 23335000 / 5301 |
Open From (hours) |
06:00 |
Open To (hours) |
18:00 |
Airport Picture
A. Terminal Building
B. Cargo Centre
C. Police Post
D. Catering Building
E. Airside Vehicle Access Gate
F. Control Tower
G. Fire and Rescue and Maintenance Centre
Description and Contacts of Key Companies
- Ground Handling Companies - The two ground handling companies at the airport are Royal Eswatini National Airways Corporation (RSNAC) and Aviation Associates. The Ground Handling Companies broadly offer all those services required by an aircraft between landing and take-off, for example, the marshalling of aircraft, loading/unloading, refueling, baggage handling, passenger handling, aircraft maintenance and so on.
- Airlines - The two airlines housed at the airport are Royal Swazi National Airways Corporation and Swazi Airlink. They are responsible for moving people and cargo in and out of the Kingdom of Eswatini.
- Eswatini Revenue Authority - Eswatini Revenue Authority is responsible for regulating the export and import of goods into the country, which includes collecting customs duties and preventing smuggling and illegal trade.
- Eswatini Immigration - Immigration office is involved in ensuring the Kingdom of Eswatini immigration laws are adhered to and includes the checking of eligibility of passengers entering as well as leaving the Kingdom.
- Port Health - Port Health serves as the first line of defense to protect the citizens of the Kingdom of Eswatini and visitors against the entry of communicable diseases associated with cross border movement of people, conveyances, baggage, cargo and imported consignments.
- Police and Military - Police and the military provide security to the airport facility and its environs as well as administration of the Police Act in instances where disorder is promoted.
- Nedbank - The bank facilitates the exchange of currency to promote economic transactions.
- Car Rental - There is AVIS Car rental whose responsibility is to provide car rental services to mostly passengers and the public.
For more information on airport contacts, please see the following link: 4.5 Airport Companies Contact List.
Information on some aviation service providers can be found at: http://www.azfreight.com/
Passenger and Cargo Performance Indicator
The airport has sizeable space to take care of perishable, general cargo, live animals and valuable cargo. Currently it is operating well below capacity because of the level of activity. There are more than five cargo agents servicing the airport as well as two cargo aircraft handling agents. In terms of passengers, the airport has the capacity to handle 300 passengers at a specific point in time and again it is operating well below capacity because of the low level of aircraft and passenger movement. There are no measures contemplated at the moment relating to both cargo and passengers as the airport has excess capacity.
Performance for 2018 |
|||
---|---|---|---|
Per Year |
Per Month |
Per Day |
|
Total Aircraft Movements |
3 334 |
277 |
12 |
Total Passengers |
56 755 |
4 600 |
164 |
Total Capacity of the Airport (MT) |
1550 |
- |
- |
Current Activity of the Airport (MT) |
56 755 |
4 600 |
164 |
Current use by Humanitarian Flights (UNHAS) |
Nil |
Nil |
Nil |
Currently the airport has excess cargo capacity. It can take care of perishables, general, valuable and plant and animal cargo and even human remains.
Runways
The runway dimensions are 3580 m x 45 m, a Pavement Classification Number of 59, and asphalt pavement and friction tested in December 2016. There are no runway structural issues to talk about as this is a new facility.
Runway #1 |
|
---|---|
Runway Dimensions |
3580 m x 45 m |
Orientation |
02/20 |
Surface |
Asphalt |
The runway is served by one Instrument Landing System (ILS Cat1) and two VOR approaches. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) approaches as well as GNSS based Standard Instrument Departures and Standard Arrival Procedures are currently under design.
Airport Infrastructure Details
In addition to the physical attributes outlined above, the runway is equipped with approach and runway lighting. There is also a secondary power supply with a switch over time of 15 seconds. The ILS and other navigation aids serving the airfield are calibrated every 6 months. GNSS based Standard Instrument Departures and Standard Arrival Procedures are currently under design.
Customs |
Yes |
JET A-1 fuel |
Yes |
---|---|---|---|
Immigration |
Yes |
AVGAS 100 |
No |
Terminal Building |
Yes |
Single Point Refuelling |
No |
Passenger Terminal |
Yes |
Air Starter Units |
Yes |
Cargo terminal |
Ground Power (mobile) |
Yes |
|
Pax Transport to Airfield |
Yes |
Ground Handling Services |
Yes |
Control Tower |
Yes |
Latrine Servicing |
Yes |
Weather Facilities |
Yes |
Fire Fighting Category (ICAO) |
Cat 7 upgradable to 9 on request |
Catering Services |
No |
De-icing Equipment |
No |
Base Operating Room |
Yes |
Parking Ramp Lighting |
Yes |
Airport Radar |
Yes |
Approach & Runway Lights |
Yes |
NDB |
Yes |
VOR |
Yes |
ILS |
Yes |
Airport Operating Details
Operating Details |
|||
---|---|---|---|
Maximum Sized Aircraft that can be Offloaded on Bulk Cargo |
A340-600 |
||
Maximum Sized Aircraft that can be Offloaded on Pallet |
B747-400 |
||
Total Aircraft Parking Area (m²) |
N/A | ||
Storage Area (m3 and MT) |
N/A | ||
Handling Equipment |
|||
Elevators / Hi Loaders |
Yes |
Max Capacity (MT) |
N/A |
Max Height (m) |
N/A |
||
Loading Ramps |
Yes |
||
Other Comments |
N/A |
Customs Guidance
Customs officials are responsible for regulating the import and export of goods into Eswatini. Customs clearance depends largely on the processing speed of the assigned clearing agent. It is recommended that paperwork be presented on the previous day for the goods to be collected on the following day. The customs offices are located inside the passenger terminal and at the Cargo Centre and they are open every time the airport is open, and this happens to be 6am to 6pm for the time being.
For more information on customs in Eswatini, please see the following link: 1.3 Customs Information.
Storage Facilities
Currently cargo can be stored at the warehouse for a maximum of 3 days before it starts attracting charges. The Cargo warehouse is segmented into various categories of cargo i.e. Perishable cargo, general cargo, live animals, valuable cargo etc. Space is limited to each category type according to current demand. Documentation is done by Cargo agents and they also give guidance on the applicable taxes. No security charge is levied.
Airfield Costs
Navigation Charges
Air navigation charges are billed by Air Traffic and Navigation Services (ATNS), South Africa on behalf of Swaziland and can be contacted on www.atns.com. Information for this table is attached as Airport Charges but handling charges are filled in. The airport charges are denominated in Emalangeni which can be converted to US dollars using the prevailing exchange rate.
Charges |
Aircraft Weight - MTOW (kg) |
||
---|---|---|---|
0 - 7,000 |
7,001 - 136,000 |
136,001 and over |
|
Navigation (per journey) USD - $ |
|||
Landing USD - $ |
USD22 |
||
Night Landing USD - $ |
N/A |
||
Night Take-Off USD - $ |
N/A |
|
|
Parking |
First four (4) hours free, then usd 5 per 24 hour period or part thereof |
|
|
Handling Charges |
USD400.00 |
USD3000.00 |
USD4200.00 |
Fuel Service Charges
Avgas is not available at King Mswati III, but at Matsapha Airport, which is 50km away. Jet A1 charges change every month, but the price is generally 90 US cents a litre as of March 2022.
Price per Litre USD - $ |
|
---|---|
Jet A-1 |
$1 |
Avgas |
Nil |
Cargo Terminal Charges
A detailed narrative relating to cargo can be found with both the cargo handling agents, cargo aircraft handlers and the Revenue Authority whose contact details have been included in this document. It is important to enter into some contractual arrangements for any credit to be granted by the Handling Company. Credit terms can always be applied for and granted only to reputable and organizations of good standing. Otherwise only cash settlements are prescribed.
Import Charges |
||
---|---|---|
Type of Charge |
Rate USD - $ per kg |
Comments |
Handling Charge |
Min 11 US$ >150KG<10c/kg |
US$11 the min charge. |
Break Bulk Fee |
Nil |
Pallet breaking charge per pallet |
Diplomatic Mail |
Min 11 US$ >150KG<10c/kg |
|
Strong Room – per consignment |
No charges applied |
|
Cold Storage Fee |
Nil |
Charge is per shipment min is 65kg |
Delivery Outside Normal Working Hours |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Preparation of substitute AOA – Invoice – Receipt |
Not applicable for now |
|
Storage per Day |
US$3.5/50kg |
Grace period (Hours)? |
Export |
||
Handling Charges – Un-palletized Cargo |
Min 11 US$ >150KG<10c/kg |
|
International Air Waybill |
1.55US$/kg |
|
Local Air Waybill |
1.55US$/kg |
|
Air Way Bill Amendment - Cancellation |
US$50.00 |
Applies to both cancellation and amendments |
Air Way Bill Documentation |
US$8.00/kg |
|
Diplomatic Mail |
1.55US$/kg |
|
Storage Charges per Day |
US$3.5/50kg |
|
Air-Bridge Charges
N/A
Security
The security setup of the airport is based on a team approach capable of preventing, detecting and responding to security emergencies and is provided in 4-fold; Aviation Security (AVSEC) at the epicentre of aviation operations, the Police, the Army and Contract security with their duties as follows;
- AVSEC – mainly for access control and the screening of persons, baggage, mail, cargo, vehicles, CCTV monitoring and perimeter patrols to mention but a few.
- The Police – they act as an AVSEC backup and provide intelligence to airport operations, conduct background checks and vetting as well as other general policing functions.
- Army (UEDF) – for the overall protection and intelligence of the Airport and off-site facilities since an airport falls under National Key Points.
- Contract Security – they act as an extended arm and eye for AVSEC mainly in guard and patrol duties on the landside area of the airport.
All the security measures in application are based on a risk assessment and a collective contingency plan is in place to ensure preparedness. Such a plan is periodically tested for efficiency and applicability.
Due to financial constraints, our screening machines are currently single view models, rendering it difficult to detect some prohibited items in the x-ray machines. The plan is to buy the equipment in peace meal, spanning for about 5 years depending on the availability and distribution of the subvention to SWACAA. The State is in a process of establishing an Air Navigation Service (ANS), which department is by standard required to develop a security programme. The ANS Security Programme shall cover all air navigation security concerns. The AVSEC Operations Unit has also introduced an Internal Quality Control Programme, which programme has been designed to detect and minimise security deficiencies as early as practicable.
2.2.2 Eswatini Matsapha National Airport
Airport Overview
Airport Location and Contact |
|
---|---|
Country |
Eswatini |
Province or District |
Manzini |
Nearest Town or City with Distance from Airport |
Manzini (3.5 km) |
Airport’s Complete Name |
Matsapha Airport |
Latitude |
-26.519645 |
Longitude |
31.315722 |
Elevation (ft and m) |
2078 ft |
IATA Code |
MTS |
ICAO Code |
FDMS |
Managing Company or Airport Authority |
Eswatini Civil Aviation Authority |
Management Contact Person |
Mr. Bongani E.M Lukhele Director, Eswatini Civil Aviation Authority +268 23335000 / 5301 |
NGO and/or UN Presence at Airport? |
No |
Runway
Runway #1 |
|
---|---|
Runway Dimensions |
2600 m x 45 m |
Runway Orientation |
07/25 |
Runway Surface |
Concrete/Asphalt PCN 71/F/C/W/T |
Runway Condition |
Good |
Airport Infrastructure Details
Infrastructure |
|||
---|---|---|---|
Passenger / Cargo Security Screening |
Yes |
Runway Lighting |
No |
Refueling Capacity |
Yes |
Ground Handling Services |
Yes |
Air Traffic Control |
Yes |
Fire Fighting Equipment |
Yes |
Weather Information |
Yes |
Aircraft Parking Space |
Yes |
Navigation Aids |
Yes |
Perimeter Fencing |
No |
Windsock |
Yes |
|
|
Fuel Services Charges
Price per Litre USD - $ (March 2022) |
|
---|---|
Jet A-1 |
$1 |
Avgas |
No |
Royalties / Non Objection Fees (NOFs)
Charges |
Aircraft Weight - MTOW (kg) |
---|---|
|
0 - 7,000 |
Navigation (per journey) USD - $ |
|
Landing USD - $ |
$22.04 |
Night Landing USD - $ |
$22.04 |
Night Take-Off USD - $ |
$22.04 |
Parking |
$4.93 |
Handling Charges |
Depends on service provider charges |
CARGO TERMINAL CHARGES |
|
---|---|
IMPORT |
|
Type of Charge |
Rate USD - $ per kg |
Handling Charge |
Fees not constant (available upon application to operate) |
Break Bulk Fee |
Fees not constant (available upon application to operate) |
Diplomatic Mail |
Fees not constant (available upon application to operate) |
Strong Room – per consignment |
Fees not constant (available upon application to operate) |
Cold Storage Fee |
Not available |
Delivery Outside Normal Working Hours |
|
Preparation of substitute AOA – Invoice – Receipt |
Fees not constant (available upon application to operate) |
Storage per Day |
Fees not constant (available upon application to operate) |
EXPORT |
|
Handling Charges – Un-palletized Cargo |
Fees not constant (available upon application to operate) |
International Air Waybill |
Fees not constant (available upon application to operate) |
Local Air Waybill |
Fees not constant (available upon application to operate) |
Air Way Bill Amendment - Cancellation |
Fees not constant (available upon application to operate) |
Air Way Bill Documentation |
Fees not constant (available upon application to operate) |
Diplomatic Mail |
Fees not constant (available upon application to operate) |
Storage Charges per Day |
Fees not constant (available upon application to operate) |
2.2.3 Eswatini National Airports and Airfields
2.4 Eswatini Railway Assessment
Overview
The Eswatini Railways connects the country to Four (4) Sea ports; 2 in South Africa and 2 in Mozambique. Ports of Durban, Richards Bay in South Africa and Maputo and Matola Ports in Mozambique through its north/south line. This line links these ports to the Matsapha Dry Port / Inland Container Depot (ICD) where bulk cargo imports are delivered into Eswatini including containers. The ICD is wholly owned and operated by Eswatini Railways (ESR) and was constructed in 1993 with assistance from the Taiwan government. It has a capacity of 500TEU and average receipt of three trains of 40 wagons weekly of Import and three trains of Export goods. Another ICD is being constructed called the Mpaka Inland Port in the Lubombo region initially planned for completion in March 2022.
ESR is in partnership and business agreements with South African rail under SADAC with headquarters in Zimbabwe. They are currently involved in development of a new rail project from Port of Durban to the Democratic Republic of Congo. The Traffic stream for the ESR is 85% Transit cargo of metals and ores and 15% other goods that include Fuel Imports from South Africa and Wheat, while exports handled include Bulk Sugar and Coal.
The Matsapha ICD is the 2nd biggest point of entry in terms of imports and Exports in the country after Ngwenya. Upon arrival of containers at the ICD, Eswatini railways provides a door to door service that delivers containers conveniently straight to the customers and containers back to the yard. It has a bonded warehouse and have all service providers on site, the revenue authority, forwarding and clearing agents and shipping lines like MSC and Safmarine. The main activity of the ICD is handling mainly goods coming from outside Southern African Customs Union (SACU) region which comprises Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Namibia, and South Africa. The main stakeholders to the ICD are ESR and shipping lines like Maersk, MSC, CMA and CGM.
Eswatini railways is one of the most reliable railways in the SADC region in terms of transit time, with few manageable delays from port to Matsapha. It tracks cargo from port to Matsapha and shipping lines track from overseas origin to the port. There is a reputable record of safety with very few incidents of vandalism or theft.
Eswatini railways has undertaken a feasibility study regarding expansion of the ICD to provide more storage space and other services to broaden their capacity. The Eswatini Government has already allocated land to undertake the expansion.
The government of Eswatini in October 2021 put out a tender for the development of the Mpaka Inland Container Depot, a new ICD which is conceptualised to reduce the constraints on the Matsapha ICD with provision of more container space and Sugar Mills and ethanol producers operations support.
Railway Companies and Consortia
Eswatini Railways is a government owned parastatal that runs its operations commercially without any government subvention. The track is maintained and railways runs its own rolling stock. They report to the Ministry of Public Works and Transport and there is currently no agency responsible for regulating rail transport in Eswatini.
ESR is the largest hauler of goods in the country and the only railway operator. Government does not regulate the pricing of rates. Benchmarking is done with the operators in the region and consider operating costs to stipulate rates. Rates given to customers are for both the rail and ship legs. Customers get rates through ESR or the shipping lines.
Capacity Table
Rail Operator Capacity |
|
---|---|
Operator / Company Name |
|
Lines Operates On |
Golela – Komatipoort line (North/South) Phuzumoya-Matsapha line |
Max Train Length and / or Pulling Capacity |
Golela-Komatipoort (70wagons) Phuzumoya-mtsp (40wagons) |
Locomotives |
(e.g. Electric / Diesel / Steam) dielsel electric GE engines |
Covered Freight Wagons Size (m) |
12 and 6m containers. Wheat/grain wagons are also available. |
Flatbed Freight Wagons Size (m) |
6m and 12m flatbeds |
High-sided Freight Wagons Size (m) |
Currently have 200 wagons. Using some of them for sugar export |
Drop-side Freight Wagons Size (m) |
N/A |
Key Route Information
Standard Route Information |
|
---|---|
Track Gauge |
1067 mm for the whole network |
Ruling Gradient |
1/100 and 1/80 |
Total Track Distance |
301 km |
Type of Rail |
Welded |
Type of Sleeper and Fastenings |
Concrete sleepers pintrose etc |
Total Track Travel Time |
Durban/matsapha 3days |
Companies / Consortiums Operating on Line |
Eswatini Railways |
Traffic Frequency |
3 trains a week on Durban/MTSP |
Security |
Good |
Main Stations |
Matsapa and Mpaka |
Key Stations
Key Station Information |
|
---|---|
Station Name |
Matsapha |
Location |
Matsapha, Eswatini |
Contact Information |
Box 431, Matsapha +268 5176000 |
Connections with Other Transport Means |
KMIII International Airport is 15km from Mpaka Station. Road connection. |
Handling Equipment |
Reach stackers and fork lifts |
Handling Capacity |
15471 TEUs in 17/18 |
3 Eswatini Services and Supplies
3.1 Eswatini Fuel
All petroleum products consumed in Eswatini are imported from the Durban refineries in South Africa by the Oil companies operating in the country who also distribute the products to filling stations and to commercial users where there is a regulation of product prices.
The Energy policy of the country requires that all Oil Companies establish minimum stocks. Each company is required to store a minimum quantity of stocks. Fuel storage for petrol and diesel continues to be a major concern to the Government. Petroleum fuel storage capacity in Eswatini currently stands at less than 5 days.
The Ministry has completed a feasibility study for the strategic
stocks and a site investigation study which amongst other findings
identified Phuzumoya is a suitable site for both under ground and
above ground alternatives. The Ministry is now working on the
possible options of financing the construction of a storage
depot.
The Department of Energy under the Ministry of Natural Resources
and Energy plays a regulatory role in the petroleum downstream
activities, in particular the pricing of all controlled petroleum
products i.e. petrol, diesel and illuminating paraffin. The
government's objective to keep petroleum prices affordable to the
public is undermined by the volatility in international oil prices
and the Lilangeni/Dollar exchange rate which the government has no
control over.
The Ministry also regulates the number of service stations in the country through the Petrol Rationalisation Committee, which achieves its role through the Service Station Rationalisation Plan (RATPLAN). At the moment the Ministry is working on the Petroleum Bill and the RATPLAN is being reviewed to have it incorporated into the Petroleum Bill so that it is enforceable in law.
For more information on government and fuel provider contact details, please see the following links: 4.1 Government Contact List and 4.7 Fuel Providers Contact List.
Information may also be found at: http://www.mytravelcost.com/petrol-prices/ which is updated monthly.
Fuel Pricing
Fuel Prices per Litre as of:
01 November
2022 |
|
---|---|
Petrol |
SZL19.05 - $1.30 |
Diesel |
SZL 19.60 - $1.33 |
Seasonal Variations
Seasonal Variations |
|
---|---|
Are there national priorities in the availability of fuel? (i.e. are there restrictions or priorities for the provision of fuel such as to the military?) |
Yes |
Is there a rationing system? |
No |
Is fuel to lower income / vulnerable groups subsidized? |
No |
Is it possible for a humanitarian organization to directly contract a reputable supplier / distributor to provide its fuel needs? |
Yes |
Standards, Quality and Testing
Industry Control Measures |
|
---|---|
Is there adequate epoxy coating of tanks on trucks? |
Yes |
Is there a presence of suitable firefighting equipment? |
Yes |
Standards Authority |
|
---|---|
Is there a national or regional standards authority? |
Yes |
If yes, please identify the appropriate national and/or regional authority. |
National: the Department of Energy |
If yes, are the standards adequate/properly enforced? |
Yes |
Testing Laboratories |
|
---|---|
Are there national testing laboratories? |
No, fuel testing is done in South African laboratories |
Disclaimer: Inclusion of company information in the LCA does not imply any business relationship between the supplier and WFP / Logistics Cluster, and is used solely as a determinant of services, and capacities.
Please note: WFP / Logistics Cluster maintain complete impartiality and are not in a position to endorse, comment on any company's suitability as a reputable service provider.
3.2 Eswatini Transporters
There are no industry-threatening union issues in Eswatini. However there are protests over fuel hikes affecting transport operations. Eswatini road terrains after a heavy rainy season can be challenging. The radius of operation for transporters includes in-country and cross border operations.
The current capacity meets domestic needs and the market has the capacity to accommodate an influx in demand from the humanitarian community; flexibilities per demand can be explored with current fleet or a mild boost.
Foreign operators are allowed to operate domestically, especially from within the SADC region.
For more information on transport company contact details, please see the following link: 4.8 Transporter Contact List
LYPHO Transport Capacity Summary |
|||
---|---|---|---|
Regions Covered |
Hhohho, Manzini |
||
|
Number of Vehicles |
Capacity per Vehicle (MT) |
Comments / Condition of Vehicles |
Vehicle Type |
1 |
12 |
Good condition |
Vehicle Type |
5 |
5 |
Good condition |
Vehicle Type |
3 |
34 |
Good condition |
Total Capacity |
9 |
51 |
|
3.4 Eswatini Telecommunications
The Eswatini Communications Commission (ESCCOM) is the regulatory body responsible for regulating the communications sector in Eswatini, constituting of telecommunication services and networks, broadcasting services, postal services and the use and allocation of radio spectrum. It derives its mandate from the Swaziland Communications Commission Act no. 10 of 2013. The Commission became operational on the 31st July 2013, effectively taking over all the regulatory powers of the sector from the Eswatini Posts and Telecommunications Corporation (EPTC) and Eswatini Television Authority (Eswatini TV).
LICENCE TYPES
- COMMERCIAL TELEVISION BROADCASTING LICENCE
- COMMUNITY RADIO BROADCASTING LICENCE
- GENERAL LICENCE -ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS SERVICE FOR IMPORTATION, DISTRIBUTION, OR SALE
- GENERAL LICENCE -ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES WHICH DO NOT REQUIRE NUMBERING RESOURCES
- GENERAL LICENCE-ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS SERVICE FOR INSTALLING AND MAINTENANCE OF EC EQUPMENT
- INDIVIDUAL LICENCE -ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK
- INDIVIDUAL LICENCE -ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS SERVICE
- PUBLIC TELEVISION BROADCASTING LICENCE
Telephone Services |
|
---|---|
Is there an existing landline telephone network? |
Yes |
Does it allow international calls? |
Yes |
Mobile Phone Providers |
MTN / Eswatini / Posts and Telecommunications Corporation |
Telecommunication Regulation
Regulations | Eswatini Communications Commission (ESCCOM)
Below are types of regulations available in Eswatini;
- Consumer Protection Regulations
- Cryptography Regulations
- Domain Name Administration Regulations
- Facilities Sharing Regulations
- Importation, Type Approval and Distribution of Communications Equipment Regulations
- Interconnection Regulations
- Licencing Regulations
- Numbering Regulations
- Quality of Service Regulations
- Radio Communication and Frequency Spectrum Regulations
- Subscriber Registration Regulations
- Universal Service and Access Regulations
Regulations on Usage and Import |
||
---|---|---|
Regulations in Place? |
Regulating Authority |
|
Satellite |
Yes |
Eswatini Communications Commission ESSCOM |
HF Radio |
Yes |
Eswatini Communications Commission ESSCOM |
UHF/VHF/HF Radio: Handheld, Base and Mobile |
Yes |
Eswatini Communications Commission ESSCOM |
UHF/VHF Repeaters |
Yes |
Eswatini Communications Commission ESSCOM |
GPS |
Yes |
Eswatini Communications Commission ESSCOM |
VSAT |
Yes |
Eswatini Communications Commission ESSCOM |
Existing Humanitarian Telecoms Systems
Existing UN Telecommunication Systems |
||
---|---|---|
UNDP |
WFP |
|
VHF Frequencies |
No |
No |
HF Frequencies |
No |
No |
Locations of Repeaters |
No |
No |
VSAT |
No |
Yes |
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
Internet Service Providers |
||
---|---|---|
Are there ISPs available? |
Yes |
|
If yes, are they privately or government owned? |
Private |
|
Dial-up only? |
No |
Mobile Network Operators (MNOs)
For information on MNOs please visit the GSM Association website.
3.5 Eswatini Food and Additional Suppliers
Generic country information can be located from sources which are regularly maintained and reflect current facts and figures. For a general overview of country data related to the service and supply sectors, please consult the following sources:
The Observatory of Economic Complexity – MIT (OEC): Eswatini (SWZ) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners | OEC - The Observatory of Economic Complexity
Disclaimer: Inclusion of company information in the LCA does not imply any business relationship between the supplier and WFP / Logistics Cluster, and is used solely as a determinant of services, and capacities.
Please note: WFP / Logistics Cluster maintain complete impartiality and are not in a position to endorse, comment on any company's suitability as a reputable service provider.
4 Eswatini Contact Lists
In the following subsections the contact details for Eswatini will be presented.
4.1 Eswatini Government Contact List
Ministry |
Department |
National or Provincial/State Authority |
City / Town |
Street / Physical Address |
Name |
Title |
|
Phone Number (Office) |
Phone Number (mobile) |
Fax Number |
Website |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Deputy Prime Minister’s Office |
National Disaster Management Department (NDMD) |
National |
Mbabane |
RHUS Office Park, Karl Grant Street |
Russell Dlamini |
Chief Executive Officer |
+26824042777 / +26824040256 |
+ 26824041367 |
|
||
Eswatini Environmental Authority (EEA) |
National |
Mbabane |
RHUS Office Park, Karl Grant Street |
+268 2404 6960 +2682404 7893 |
+268 404 1719 |
||||||
Eswatini Standards Authority |
National |
Matsapha |
Plot 247 Marbel Construction premises, King Mswati 3rd Avenue 11th Street, Matsapha Industrial Site |
+268 25184610 |
+268 25184526 |
||||||
Ministry of Information, Communications & Technology |
|
National |
Mbabane |
Inter-ministerial Building |
|
|
+268 2405 4000 |
|
+268 2404 1898 |
||
Ministry of Public Works and Transport |
|
National |
Mbabane |
Ministry of Public Works and Transport Headquarters Building Mhlambanyatsi Road |
Mr. Thulani Mkhaliphi |
Principal Secretary |
|
+268 2409 9000 |
+268-2409 9005 |
+2682404 2170 |
|
Ministry of Labour and Social Security |
|
National |
Mbabane |
Inter-Ministerial office block |
|
|
+268 24041971/2/3 |
|
+26824041966 |
||
Ministry of Natural Resources & Energy |
|
National |
Mbabane |
Income Tax Building, Fourth Floor |
Dorcas Dlamini |
Principal Secretary |
268 2404 6244 / 24041231 |
|
+268 2404 4851 |
||
Ministry of Home Affairs |
|
National |
Mbabane |
Home Affairs & Justice Building Mhlambanyatsi Usuthu Link Road |
Mr. Nhlanhla Nxumalo |
Principal Secretary |
|
+268 2404 2941/2404 5880/2 |
(+268) 2404 1821 |
+268 2404 4303 |
|
Ministry of Agriculture |
|
National |
Mbabane |
Hospital Hill, Opposite Fire and Emergency Services, Mbabane |
Hon . Jabulani Mabuza |
Minister |
(+268) 2404 2731 /9/ 6362 |
|
+2682404 4730 |
||
Ministry of Agriculture |
NAMBoard |
National |
Manzini |
Plot No 1A Lot 165 Cnr Masalesikhundleni & Mbhabha Street Manzini |
|
|
(+268) 2505 5314/5.5 |
|
|
||
Ministry of ICT |
|
National |
Mbabane |
Inter-ministerial Building |
Mr. Phesheya David Dube |
Principal Secretary |
+268 2405 4000 |
|
+268 2404 1898 |
||
Ministry of ICT |
Eswatini Posts & Telecommunications Corporation |
National |
Mbabane |
Phutfumani Building, Mahlokohla Street |
Mr. Thembumkhululi Khumalo |
Managing Director |
|
+2682405 2000 |
|
|
Eswatini Posts and Telecommunications Corporation (EPTC) (sptc.co.sz) |
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation |
|
National |
Mbabane |
Inter-Ministerial Building, Block 8 Level -3, Mhlambanyatsi Road |
Mr. Newman Sizwe Ntshangase |
Principal Secretary |
+268 2404 2661/4 |
|
+268 2404 2669 |
||
Ministry of Commerce, Industry & Trade |
|
National |
Mbabane |
Inter-Ministerial Building, Block 8 Level 1, Mhlambanyatsi Road, Mbabane |
Mr. Siboniso Nkambule |
Principal Secretary |
|
+268 2404 3201/6 |
+268 2404 3203 |
+268 2404 4711 |
|
Ministry of Commerce, Industry & Trade |
Eswatini Standards Authority |
National |
Matsapha |
Plot 247 Marbel Construction premises, King Mswati 3rd Avenue 11th Street, Matsapha Industrial Site |
|
|
+268 25184610 |
|
+268 25184526 |
||
Ministry of Housing and Urban Development |
|
National |
Mbabane |
Income Tax Building, 5th Floor, Mhlambanyatsi Road, Mbabane |
Mr Clifford Mamba |
Principal Secretary |
+ 268 2404 6049/235/78/43 |
|
+ 268 24050697/ 24044085 |
||
Ministry of Housing and Urban Development |
Eswatini National Fire and Emergency Services |
National |
Mbabane |
Income Tax Building, 5th Floor, Mhlambanyatsi Road, Mbabane |
J.H. Ndzimandze |
Chief Fire Officer |
|
+26824043337 +26824043736 |
+26876061024 |
|
|
Ministry of Tourism and Environmental Affairs |
|
National |
Mbabane |
Income Tax Building |
Ms. Khangeziwe Mabuza |
Principal Secretary |
+268 2404-6162 |
|
|
||
Ministry of Tourism and Environmental Affairs |
National Meteorological Service |
National |
Mbabane |
Income Tax Building |
|
|
+26824049468 |
|
+268 24041530 |
||
Ministry of Health & Social Welfare |
|
National |
Hhohho, Mbabane |
2nd Floor |
Dr Simon M. Zwane |
Principal Secretary |
+2682404 5514 / 2404 2431 |
|
+268 2404 74 20 |
||
Ministry of Finance |
|
National |
Mbabane |
Ministry of Finance Building |
Ms. Sizakele Dlamini |
Principal Secretary |
|
+268 2404 8145/9 |
+268 2404 3187 |
||
Ministry of Justice & Constitutional Affairs |
|
National |
Mbabane |
Ministry of Justice Building
|
Lindiwe Mbingo |
Principal Secretary |
+268 404 1359 +268 404 6010/9 |
|
+268 404 3533 |
||
Ministry of Economic Planning and Development |
|
National |
Mbabane |
4th Floor Finance Building, Mbabane |
Mr. Bheki Bhembe |
Principal Secretary |
(+268)2404-3765/8 |
|
|
4.2 Eswatini Humanitarian Agency Contact List
Organization |
Street / Physical Address |
Name |
Title |
|
Phone Number (office) |
Phone Number (mobile) |
Website |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
UN Resident Coordinator's Office (UNRC) |
UN Building Mbabane |
Lesedi Lesolle Makwanya |
Executive Associate |
6618 |
7806-9043 |
||
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) |
Rose K. Ssebatindira |
Resident Representive |
6648 |
7802-6936 |
|||
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) |
|
Margaret Thwala-Tembe |
UNFPA Head of Office |
6619 |
7802-6952 or 7605-3608 |
|
|
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) |
|
Amina Mohammend |
UNICEF Country Representative |
6701 |
7808-6578 |
|
|
|
Afshin Parsi |
Deputy Representative |
6702 |
7808-5200 |
|
||
United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) |
|
Deepak Shah |
Head of Office |
6802 |
7808-6575 |
|
|
United Nations Department of Safety & Security (UNDSS) |
|
Vusie Matse |
Security Assistant |
6629 |
7602-8844 |
|
|
United Nations Joint Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) |
|
Rose Craigue |
UNAIDS Country Director |
6630 |
7808-5290 |
|
|
United Nations Educational, Scientific, & Cultural Organization (UNESCO) |
|
Phumzile Hlophe |
Secretary-General |
2404-2491/2 ext 2114 |
7604-2973 |
|
|
United Nations World Health Organization (WHO) |
|
Dr. Cornelia Atsyor |
WHO Country Representative |
2404-4698/2928/9635/1698 |
7602-4293 |
|
|
United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) |
Khanyisile Mabuza |
Assistant FAO Representative (Programmes) |
2404-3299 or 2404-7220 |
7602-7557 |
|
||
International Organization for Migration (IOM) |
|
Jeremias Mendes |
Project Coordinator/ Head of Office |
6639 |
7845-9707 |
|
|
World Bank |
|
Nonhlanhla Zindela |
World Bank Resident Representative |
6646 |
7679-6468 |
|
|
Save the Children |
|
Dumsani Msibi |
Country Director |
|
+268 24044719 |
|
|
Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA) Eswatini |
|
Nkanyiso Gamedze |
Country Director |
|
+268 2505 4280 |
|
|
World Vision |
|
Tinah Mukunda |
Country Director |
|
+268 422 1665 |
|
4.7 Eswatini Fuel Providers Contact List
Company | Location(s) | Street / Physical Address | Name | Title | Phone Number (office) | Phone Number (mobile) | Fax Number | Website | Description of Services Provided | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Caltex Oil |
Matsapha, Eswatini |
Plot 83 King Sobhuza II Ave Ind Sites, Matsapha, Eswatini. |
+26825184093 +26825184094 +26825184095 |
|||||||
GALP ESWATINI (PTY) LTD |
King Sobhuza 11 Ave Matsapha Industrial Site, Matsapha, Eswatini |
|
Refining, Logistics and Cogeneration businesses. Supply & trading activities of oil, gas and electricity |
|||||||
ENGEN SWAZILAND (PTY) LTD |
|
King Sobhuza 11 Ave, Matsapha, Eswatini |
|
|
+268 2518 4844 +268 2518 6683 +268 2404 8394, |
|
+2682518 5137 |
|
|
|
B P SWAZILAND (PTY) LTD |
|
Matsapha, Eswatini |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fuels Oils trading |
4.8 Eswatini Transporters Contact List
5 Eswatini Annexes
The following section contains annexes for additional information for the Eswatini LCA.
5.1 Eswatini Acronyms and Abbreviations
Acronym |
Full Name |
---|---|
AWB |
Airway Bill |
BL |
Bill of Lading |
C&F |
Cost & Freight |
CAA |
Civil Aviation Authority |
CARE |
Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere |
CFS |
Container Freight Stations |
FAO |
Food and Agriculture Organization |
GPRS |
General Pocket Radio Service |
GRT |
Gross Register Tonnage |
IATA |
International Air Transport Association |
ICAO |
International Civil Aviation Organization |
IDPs |
Internally Displaced Persons |
ILS |
Instrument Landing System |
IMF |
International Monetary Fund |
INGO |
International NGO |
IOM |
International Organization for Migration |
ISPs |
Internet Service Providers |
KVA |
Kilo Volt Ampere |
LCA |
Logistics Capacity Assessment |
MOU |
Memorandum of Understanding |
MT |
Metric Tons |
MW |
Megawatt |
N/A |
Not Available |
NDB |
Non-directional beacon |
NFI |
Non-food Items |
NGO |
Non-governmental Organization |
OCHA |
Office of the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs |
RC |
Resident Coordinator |
RoRo |
Roll on Roll off |
T |
Tons |
T&D |
Transmission and Distribution |
TEUs |
Twenty Foot Equivalent Units |
THC |
Terminal Handling Charge |
UNAIDS |
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS |
UNCT |
United Nations Country Team |
UNDP |
United Nations Development Programme |
UNEP |
United Nations Environmental Programme |
UNESCO |
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |
UNFPA |
United Nations Population Fund |
UNHAS |
United Nations Humanitarian Air Service |
UNHCR |
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |
UNICEF |
United Nations Children's Fund |
(V)HF |
(Very) High Frequency |
VOR |
VHF omnidirectional radio range |
V-SAT |
Very Smart Aperture Terminal |
WASH |
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene |
WCO |
World Customs Organization |
WFP |
World Food Programme |
WHO |
World Health Organization |
WVI |
World Vision International |